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Air flow
Water ingress
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Warmth circulation
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Aspect Gabled- Within this form the non gabled attributes encounter the leading generally and contain the front entrance.
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Public release date: 7-Mar-2011
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Contact: Melissa Mixon
melissa.mixon@austin.utexas.edu
512-471-2129
University of Texas at Austin
Rainwater harvest study finds roofing material affects water quality
For the past few years, one of the most common questions facing the Texas Water Development Board (TWDB) hasn't been over contentious water rights or proposed water projects; it's been from homeowners wanting to know what type of roofing material is most suitable for collecting rainwater for indoor domestic use.
"Rainwater harvesting is becoming fairly widespread, at least in Central Texas. There's interest born out of necessity because people are simply running out of water in rural areas or they're interested in conserving water supplies and it's good for the environment," said Dr. Sanjeev Kalaswad, the TWDB's rainwater harvesting coordinator.
But when it came to responding to residents' questions about which roof collection surfaces are best suited for rainwater harvesting, TWDB didn't have a good, science-based answer to give, Kalaswad said. That's when the Cockrell School of Engineering came in to help.
With funding from TWDB, Cockrell School faculty and students conducted an in-depth study - recently published in the academic journal Water Research - examining the effects of conventional and alternative roofing materials on the quality of harvested rainwater. The study, led by civil, architectural and environmental engineering Assistant Professor Mary Jo Kirisits, showed that, of the five roofing materials tested, metal (specifically Galvalume�), concrete tile and cool roofs produce the highest harvested rainwater quality for indoor domestic use. The study also showed that rainwater from asphalt fiberglass shingle roofs and increasingly popular "green" roofs contain high levels of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Although other potential pollutants can be significantly lower on green roofs (turbidity and aluminum), the high DOCs are significant where these roofs would be used for potable rainwater collection.
Water with DOC is not necessarily dangerous on its own, but Kirisits said when it's mixed with chlorine � a common product used to disinfect water � the two substances react to form byproducts that potentially cause cancer and other negative human health effects.
"Someone who already has a rainwater system is probably not going to change their roofing material based on this study, but this information is useful for anyone who's trying to make an informed decision about what material to use," Kirisits said.
Over the course of a year, Kirisits, her co-Principal Investigators Professor Kerry Kinney and Research Associate Professor Michael Barrett and their engineering students examined water collected from five roofing materials: asphalt fiberglass shingle, Galvalume�, concrete tile, cool and green roofs.
The test sites included both pilot-scale and full-scale residential roofs � one of which was the roof on the home of Kirisits and her husband. The other roofs were located at or near the Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, where her team had the expertise of the center's director of research and consulting, Dr. Mark Simmons, who helped them interpret some of their findings.
"We had a phenomenal graduate and undergraduate student team. I think the research topic captured their imagination because it's tangible; it's something they could do in their own home. They can talk to their parents about it and they get it," Kirisits said. "Our generation of students is sustainable and green-minded, so it was a great project for them to be involved in and lead."
Rainwater harvesting has been practiced in some form or another for centuries, but its popularity declined in the United States after the advent of large centralized water supply systems that provide cheap, reliable and abundant water.
The practice has experienced a rebirth in the United States in recent years, however, thanks largely to growing environmental concerns and dwindling water supplies in parts of the country.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency doesn't regulate the quality of residential rainwater collected through harvesting, but some local agencies and states, like Texas and Hawaii � which are among the most proactive � offer voluntary water quality guidelines.
While some roofing materials performed better than others in the study, Kirisits said rainwater harvested from each of the roofs would still have to be treated if the consumer wanted to meet EPA's drinking water standards or reuse guidelines.
Old car tires are a tremendous source of waste material today. Euroshield took this into account with the design of their rubber tiles, which prolong the tires’ lifecycle. The company is careful not to use the word “green” as a selling point or catch phrase — instead they call attention to the product’s high quality and durability. They’re quite right to do so — environmental design should be expected to be a part of every product on the market – not just a catchword.
To produce the shingles made from used vehicle tires, Euroshiled removes the tire wall and cuts the tread section into large pieces. Once the treading is buffed off, the rubber surface is coated with sawdust or slate dust. To create the shingle-like texture the pieces are heated and moulded into shape. A plastic tab on each shingle panel makes it easy to attach the pieces to the roof. The panels are 3 feet wide and fit into each other as they are laid across the roof. For an average-sized home, between 600-1000 rubber tires are used to create a rubber shingle roof.
The tiles come in three different shapes and styles — one can choose between a replica of chiselled slate, concrete-looking tiles or a raw wood look. The benefits are of course that the rubber tiles never will crack, rot or warp. The shingles still have the steel belting from the tire, which makes them strong and resistant to weather as well as natural wear and tear.
The tiles aren’t the cheapest choice of roofing material on the market, but the company has spent more than ten years developing the product and they offer a 50-year guarantee. Not only are the rubber tiles manufactured in an environmentally friendly way; they are also so durable you may never have to change your roofing material again. And if you do, they are recyclable again and again.
+ Euroshield
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